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PL KoLLsMAN Dec. 29, 1931. INDICATOR 'Re. 18,306

- Original Filed Aug. 6. 1929 [Illl!l111llllflvlllllI/l/Illll//Il 'mama Dee-29, 1931- g Re. 418,306A

-umn-:n sums. PATENT omet y PAUL xoLLsluH. or-woomuvnn, Nnw ron'x. Serenna 'ro xoLnsuAN insrnulm comun'z, mc., or nnooxmm, Naw Yong', A 'conronA'TIoN ornnwon'x marcaron Original No. 1,741,701.' dated December, 198B, Serial No. 383,931,v Med Augult'i, 198.. lei-lime lo.

amd muy is. 1s`a1 ,-srm la'. mus, nea December zaino. vrml. application im femenina v November 5, 1831; Serial l'oal'lvl.

This invention.v relates to indicators.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved device of the character de-l scribed in which a reference member and an indicating member areassociated together for a synchronous movement for any .required condition, and a sup lemental object is to cause a plurality of re erence means to be simultaneousl actuated in diierent degrees in setting t e device.

While this invention is applicable to a wide range of uses, and in connection with indicating devices of various types, it 'may be stated that in certain indicators a reference mark is mounted for movement together with a dial to permit a rapid reading to be made of the condition shown by thepointer. This arran ment has the disadvantage that when the dial is turned from its initial position, the indicia thereon are no longer ver" tical, so that it becomes difficult to note the indicator reading. Furthermore, it is not possible on a comparatively small dial to obtain a reading which will be suiliciently accurate within a large range, as is done, for' example, with indicators having a plurality of co-ordinated pointers, which coact with scales of different values. Itis therefore an object of this invention to overcome these drawbacks. n

Other. objects of this invention are to pro'- vide an improved deviceoffthe'nature'set forth having a movable reference means which is synchronized with a .plurality off pointers movable in different degrees, v'vfith 'each other. r

reference.-1neans,and improvedl setting means for vmoving the same inany requiredl relative rate of'speed with respectI to a stationary scale means so that the indicator may move manner forsetting the. device and including a geartrain for interconnecting the spindles j arranged and mounted in an vimproved manner to cause continuous synchronous movepiment of the pointers in setting aswell as in normal indicating action while permitting a h igvh -degree of sensitivity in the device. urther objects are to provide a device including an indicator, reference vmeans and pointer, the latter having independent drive means and therebeinga unitary means for operating both of the drive means for'setting the device, all arranged Aand co-ordinated in an improved manner; a reference means which is permanently connected to the indicator in an improved manner to rotate therewith in permanent and hence fixed association in setting the device; a vdevice having relatively few and simple parts, which is inexpensive to manufacture and assemble, reliable and eflicient in use, easy and convenient to operate,v and lsusceptible of use under many diilerent conditions.

Other objects and advantages of the invention willbecome apparent as the specification-proceeds.

` With the aforesaid objects in view, the in- 'ventionl consists in the novel combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described in their preferred embodiments, pointed out inthe subjoined claims, and illustrated on the annexed drawings, wherein like parts are designated by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an plan' View of a device embodying the invention.

F ig. 2 is an enlarged view in vertical section taken on line2--2 of Fig.- 1'.A

Fig-3 is a planview in section taken on the line of Fig. 2.

hFig. 4 is a plan View of a modification of the invention.

The advantages of the invention as here .outlined are best realized when all of its fea- It will be Obvious to Yums@ Skilled "in the art toA which this invention appertains, that` the same may be incorporated in several different constructions. f The accompanying showing the preferred exemplification ofthe invention.

Generally described, the invention provides an indicator of any Well known type, preferably a vpressure sensitive indicator, having indicia of any suitable nature which are Y formed on or may include a scale, or scales,

or reference means", laccordmg to any deslred type, including, Ifor instance, the cylindrical and circular scales. Co-ordinated with the scale are one or more pointers or reading elements and also one or more lreference marks, if desired. The latter may be variously formed, and can also be in the nature of graduated scales, while the pointers may, as in the case of the reference means, be broadly consideredV as an indicating means. The pointers, reference marks, or both are movable synchronously by an-d desired means, Whether manually or mechanically, for an initial setting. The indicator per se may turn with the pointers in setting, maintaining an accurate reading under all conditions; but the indicator and one or both of the scales may be, in a more general sence, rotatable or otherwise movable relatively to each other,

and one or both of the pointers may be moved in suitable co-ordination, Where necessary, to maintain an accurate relation of the parts to the scales; thus one of the pointers and its scale maybe. movable relatively to eachother at a different rate than the other pointer and its scale. Since the scales for the different pointers have different values, the pointers together with their corresponding reference marks are movable at relatively different speeds according to such values, both in setting the device and in the normal indicating action thereof. With scales having uniform divisions, all such movements may be in synchronism, while if the divisions vary in size,

the said movements may correspondingl vary, or may be defined as synchronized wit respect also to the scale divisions or means; and allV movements herein referred to must generally be construed with regard to the nature of the scales. It may be noted that the scale for the more sensitive readings may be omitted, since the operators eye is often sufficient to -judge or observe a sufficient movement of the sensitive'pointer. The mechanism for interconnectmg the pointers, the

`reference mark, and the indicator itself for l turning is merel illustrative, and the result may be accomp ished' in other ways. Although the indicator is shown herein as turning 1n presetting the device, it may be understood t at this is done in order to simplify the said mechanism and is not of the essence of the invention.

Improved features of the mechanism reside in providin a drive interconnecting the pointers or spin es thereof and having lixed l i/connection with the rotary pressure sensitive drawings, therefore, are submltted merely as indicator at'one'point and at another with a relatively stationary mounting member orl part movable relatively to the indicator. Thus the pointers are caused to move at different ratesaccordin to the scales, both in setting the device an in normal indicating action, whereby accurate reading of the device is constantlyvmaintained. Ihe significance of the vfixed connection mentioned is thatga ressure sensitive device tmoves `its pointer' ack and forth with pressure variation andalways returns'the pointer to zero or other predetermined position relative to the scales,or indicator itself or both. vReference marks` fory oneor both of the pointers may also be ymoved together with or independently "oftheirv respective pointers in setting the device', and are otherwise relatively stationary in ordinary indication action. For simplicity, one of the pointer spindles may rotate directly with the indicator, andthe other at different or reduced speed bythe drive mentioned which may simply interconnect the spindles; accordingly one of the reference marks may move at the same relative rate as the indicator and thel other at a different relative Vgrate, although it may suiiice that the reference marks shall move simultaneously in different degrees. The arrangement of the device and the mechanism thereof is such that the indicating motion is independent of the setting. action, assuring sensitivity, and in fact both motions or actions may occur simultaneously without any variation Whatever in the accuracy of the reading. For setting the device, a unitary meansmay be used, for instance, a vgear or other drive for relative turning of they indicator and reference marks and for causing simultaneous relative motion of the pointers by their drive connect'ed to the stationary or other mounting'aforementioned. In moving the indicator relative to a dial for setting, the arrangement of the mecha- `nism is such that, in the case of a pointer, reference mark or both moving relatively to the indicator, for example, the drives'for the pointer and reference mark may beindependent for a sensitive actuation of' the former, but a unitary drive may co-ordinate both of the drives mentioned to produce the desired synchronous movements. Furthermore, a reference mark that moves with relsus A spect to the indicator is mace preferably so permanently interconnected therewith that in rotating theindicator, the reference mark moves in the redetermined relation thereto. The nature F the drive for setting the indicator and reference marks may be shown by referring to a large diameter drive element between the indicator and dial operated with speed reduction by said unitary means, which also engages a large diameter drive element of the indicator. A compact and simple structure is produced.

The invention thus includes amon its general features a plurality of sets of indicating elements, the elements of each set being relativel sets themselves or elements thereof being f relatively movable to each other or so coordinated that the reading of one'set varies differently but in synchronized relation with the reading of the-other set, and suitable means being utilized to accomplish a simultaneous change in the readings of both `sets' as above stated. Thus the pointer elements and their scales may be moved, relatively to each other, by a single means for settin and the pointer elements being movable in 'erent degrees for indicating. The same principle may be observed in the relations of the reference means for setting the altimeter,l and v the foregoing characteristics may have specific utilization in devices wherein the indicator and one of the scales or one of the reference means are relatively movable. It will be noted that one means may be used for ordina indicating operation of the pointers bylthe indicator, and a second means to cause the settin as stated, and these means may be coor inated so as to permit setting while indicatin movement is occurring, but also with a su cient degree of independence so that sensitivity of the polnter indications caused .by the indicator is a'ssured. The reference means are preferably utilized with the scale means so as to increase in a substantial degree the important advantages of the device for qulck, accurate reading and setting. Then again, the instrument may include a plurality of scales .and pointers co-ordinated to produce readlngs that increase and decrease 1n the same directions, as, for instance, by forming the scales with indicia that increase in opposite directions, and hence, where the movements of certain parts are in the same direction, the readings oli both scales vary correspondingly. Thisresult is synchronously maintained,

although the relative movements of pointers Y and scales vary in different degrees.

8 Althou hthe invention finds its maximum utility w en applied to altitude indicating devices that are employed in aircraft, it can be advantageously used with indicators for temperature, stress, flow, and the like.

35 Referring in detail to the drawings, 10 demovable to each other, and the.

notes a device embodyin the invention. The same includes a cy ingr-ical casing or the like 11 in which is housed any desired indicator 12. As the invention is not restricted to any particular type of indicator, the latter is shown in conventionalized form. It may be stated, however, that the said indicator is preferably an altimeter of any well known type. This indicator may be rotatably mounted in the casing, a central stub shaft 13 fixed to thev casing, and which extends into a hub 14 on the casing, a screw 15 being threaded into the stub shaft to retain the-same in engagement in the hub. The front part of the casing may include a circular'enlargement 16 in which the dial 17 and the glass 18 are positioned. The said dial may be relativelynon-rotatable and may be secured in any suitable manner. For purposes of illustration, I show the dial as havlng one or more lugs 19 formed therein and attached to the part 16 by screws 20.

Extending centrally from the indicator 12 is a spindle 21 that is turned by the indicator mechanism in response to any condition that is to beindicated or measured. On the end of said spindle ismounted al pointer 22.

Fixed on the spindle 21 is a pinion 23, the teeth of which mesh with those of a gear 24.

The latter is journaled on a pin 25 that is secured to a member such as the dial 17 that is relatively stationary to the indicator 12. Rotating with the gear 24 in alined relationtherewith is a pinion 26 the teeth of which mesh with those of a gea-r 27. The latter is fixed to a sleeve or a spindle 28 through which freely extends the spindle 21, said sleeve being journaled on a hub 29 secured to the dial. Mounted in any suitable manner on the sleeve is a pointer 30 which may coact with the pointer 22. This completes the mechanism for interconnecting the pointers for ordinary indicating action. Y

On the dial 17 are one or more reference means scales 31, 32 which are of any suitable form to coact with the pointers. To illustrate, if the device is used as an altimeter, the scale 31 totals an elevation of one thousand feet, while the scale '32 may indicate a maximum of seventeen thousand feet. But thc scales can be changed to show any other elevations. It will be noted that the indicator and these scales are rotatable relatively to each other. l

' The gear train which includes the pinions 23, 26 and the gears 24, 27 interconnecting thepointers is so designed as to cause the latter to move in proper relation to the scales. The setting mechanism, for turning the indicator, the pointers and the reference marks in synchronism or for otherwise adjustingl the two scale readings simultaneously by suitfor example, by

, naled a spin le 33 having op ner with the indicator 12.

pointers Also mounted on the spindle is another gear 39 the teeth of which mesh with those of a larger ar 40. The latter is concentric with the in icator and\carries an indicating means, such as a reference mark 41 coacting with the large scale 31. The gear ma be mounted in any suitable manner, an as shown herein consists of a ring that overlies and rests against the dial 17, and is 'ournaled on concentric lugs 42 struck there rom. To retain the said gear ring in position, fingr pieces 43 may be secured to the casing to ar against the gear ring.

The gear train 39, 40 is designed to cause the reference mark 41 to move at the same velocit as the large pointer 22, and hence the in icator 12, and the gear train 37, 38.

Associated with the scale 32 is an indicating means, scale, or a reference mark 44 which is movable in synchronism by the following means. The said reference mark 44 is carried by a large gear 45 at the underside of the dial 17. The latter has an arcuate slot 46 througl1,\vhich said `reference mark extends. The gear 45 is mounted for rotation in any suitable manner. Thus it may have its central portion removed to provide an opening 47. Secured to the gear in spaced relation to said opening is a ring member 48, that is concentric therewith, and which is journaled in a drum or band 49 that is secured to the gear 38.

Interconnectng the spindle 35 and the gear 45 is a gear train including a. pinion 50 on the spindle, a ear and pinion 51, 52 on-a shaft 53 that is Journaled in the walls 34, and a gear 53a, on a similarlyT mounted shaft 54. The teeth of the gear 53a mesh with those of the large gear 45. The reference. mark 44 is thus movable synchronously with the pointer 30 and relatively to the indicator 12.

Hence it is seen that the two reference marks 41, 44 are movable as a unit for setting.

The simultaneous setting of the reference marks is accomplished by a single or unitary means including members 35, 39, 40, 45, to 53a, which is operative wholly independently of the means 23 to 28 for interconnecting the for ordinary indicating action. To effect also a unitary setting in different degrees of the pointer-scale readings, as in the case of the reference marks, interrelative movements may be caused by the means 23 to 28 and the means 35, 37, 38 and 17 which may also be independent of each other or may co-operate to the degree that the setting and ordinary indicating movements may occur simultaneously and without interference of each other, and the setting means retaining the device in set position, for instance, frictionally by the gears. v

In Fig. 4 is shown a modification 10a.of the invention in which a dial 55, and a pointerbr a reference mark 56 are both relatively stationary, while the pointer 57 may be rotatingly ad'ustable, together with a scale 58 which may movable relatively to the indi- Y cator together `with the reference mark. The latter ma be of segmental or ring form and a ortion t e'reof at the reference mark is visile through an opening 59 in the dial. Accordingly, it is seen that instead of moving the reference mark as shown in Figs. 1 to 3, an associated scale may be moved, the scale and reference mark thus constituting a reference means. The relative movement of the scale 58 and the pointer 57 may be according to any suitable graduation, and in the same or opposite direction, this being readily accomplished by any gear train used for the purpose. In all other respects this device is like the one rst described.

In order-that the readings on both scales may increase or decrease, as the case may be, the scale 58 is provided with indicia that increase in opposite direction to those of the scale 55. f Since preferably the pointer 57 and scale 58 are movable in the same direction in setting, it will be perceived that the readings increase or decrease in the same direction.

The following is intended to illustrate a specific manner of use of the altimeter: Assuming that the aviator wants to ascend to 100 500 feet altitude above his starting point, he sets the reference mark at the time of starting to correspond to the barometric Lpressure at the point of take off, as expresse in feet altitude. The pointer will then indicate zero 105 and will subsequently indicate the altitude above the ground during the ilig'ht. To take care of changes of barometric. pressure during the Hight the altimeter may be reset from time to time. An importanhuse of the in' 110 strument occurs when the aviator desires to descend for landing. He then obtains, as by radio message, shortly before landing, the barometric pressure at the landing field expressed in feet altitude, and sets the reference 115 mark accordingly. Assume that the altitude correspondin to the barometric pressure at the landing eld is 300 feet. Then the reference mark 41 may move counterclockwise, to the scale numeral 7, and the pointers in- 120 cluding pointer 22 may move counterclock` wise. The pointer then will indicate the altitude above the field and will' read zero when landing. The aviator is thus assured of an accurate landing guide, especially under conditions of poor visibility as in og or at night.

It will thus be seen that I have provided a device which fulfills the several objects of the invention 'and which is well adapted to 130 ly varying structures in Whole or in part,

withinthe scope of the following claims.

1. A device of the character described, includin'g means having indicia thereon, movable pointer means, a reference means movable with respect to said `pointer means as a unit therewith and in predetermined rela-.

tion with respect to said indicia, and other means to simultaneously move the reference.

and pointer means for setting the same.

2. A device of the character described, including'a movable indicator having relative` ly statlonary scale means, a pointer, reference means independent of the pointer, unitary means to move the reference means into any desired position With respect to the scale rmeans, and the pointer and indicator in coordination with the reference' means, said means moving the reference means and the pointer simultaneously and in relatively equal degrees with respect to the scale means.

3. A device of the character described, including means having indicia thereon, pointer means, reference means, other means to move the pointer means, and the reference means with respect to said indicia and in predetermined ratio for an initial setting of the device, and actuating means operating the pointer means independently ofthe reference means for indicating movement.

4. A device of the character described, including circular, non-rotatable scale means, a plurality of pointers, one of the pointers making a complete rotation for a given movement of the other pointer, reference mark. means associated With the pointers and the scale means, means to move the pointers and the reference mark means in predetermined ratio, for an initial setting of the device, and actuating means'to o rate the pointers indeendently of the re erence mark means for lndicating movement with respect to said scale means from the present position, said actuating means being connected to the means for movingthe pointers and turning with the latter in the setting of the device.

5. A device of the character described, including a circular, non-rotatable scale means,

. a pointer and a reference means movable in concentric relation with the scale means, adjusting means lto move the pointer and the reference means with respect to said scale means in predetermined ratio for an initialv setting of the device, and actuating means to operate the pointer independently of the reference means for indicating movement with respect to said scale means from the preset position, the actuating means being connected to the adjusting means to turn with the pointer for the initial setting mentioned.

6. A device of the character described, incllding a movable indicator having relatively stationary scale means, a pointer, refe/rence means independent of the pointer, and unitary means to move the reference means into any desired position with respect to the scale means, and the pointer and indicator in coordination with the reference means, said unitary means including a rotatable member of relatively large diameter disposed in proximity to the scale means, said rotatable member being connected to the indicatorto move the same, and means in proximity to the front of the device for turning the rotatable member.

7. A device of the character described, including a rotatable indicator, the same having relatively stationary scale means, a pointer actuated by the indicator, reference means movable along the scale, and co-ordinated with the pointer, and adjusting means to lmove the indicator, the pointer and the reference means in predetermined relation to set the same with respect to the scale means, said adjusting means including a rotatable member of relatively large diameter in proximity to the scale means, the rotatable member being concentric with the indicator and being connected thereto, the manual means in proximity to the front of the device for turning the rotatable means and hence the indicator.

8. A device of the character described, including a rotatable indicator, the same having relatively stationary scale means, a pointer actuated by the indicator, reference means movable along the scale, and co-ordinated with the pointer, and adjusting means to move the indicator, the pointer and the reference means in predetermined relation to set the same with respect to the scale means, said adjusting means including manually operated means in proximity to the front of the device, the indicator having means in comparative proximity to the manually'operated means and engaged thereby to rotate the indicator.

9. A device of the character described, including an indicator, scale means, pointer meansreference means, and other means coacting With the pointer means, the indicator, andthe reference means to cause them to move in predetermined ratio with respect to the. scale means.

10. A device of the character described, including a movable indicator, relatively stationary scale means, pointer means therefor, a relatively stationary reference mark, a reference scale means therefor, and means to move the indicator, the pointer means and the reference scale means with respect to the relatively stationary scale means and the reference mark.

11. lA device of the character described, i11- cluding a rotary indicator, a relatively stationary scale means, pointer means therefor actuated by the indicator, a relatively stameans changin tionary reference mark, a movable. reference scale means thereof, and unitary setting :means to move the indicator and the pointer means with respect to the relatively stationl ary scale means'and simultaneously the reference scale means with respect to the reference 12. A device including an indicator, scale means, .pointer means, a speed reduction means operated by the indicator to actuate the pointer means, reference means, and otherv means to simultaneously rotate the indicator,

with respect to the combined scale and'ref-` erence means for setting the device, said the indication of the combined scale an reference means in synchronism with the indicator and pointer means.

a rotarypitemes thereforrotatablerrel- I atively to the indicator, a scale for the pointer means, reference means and drive means interconnecting the reference means and the indicator and causing the former to rotate at a diierent rate than the latter.

15. A device including an indicator, a pointer movable by the indicator, a scale for the pointer, a reference means, means for rotating lthe indicator for setting ywith the pointer and reference means moving simultaneously with the indicator, said means interconnecting the indicator with the pointer and reference means to cause the latter and the pointerto move angularly with respect to the indicator to maintain the relation of the indicator and the scale.

16. A device including an indicator rotatable for setting the same, a spindle turned by the indicator for normal indicating action, a second spindle, a relatively stationary mounting for the same, pointers for the spindles, a relatively stationary dial, and means yinterconnecting the spindles to cause the iirst Spindle to rotate the second spindle in synchronism for setting and for normal indicating action with respect to the dial.

'17. A device including an indicator, concentric spindles turned thereby, pointers for the spindles, scale means for the pointers,

' a gear train interconnecting the spindles. said gear train including end gears secured to the spindles, and relatively stationary means independent of the indicator for mounting the intermediate gears of the gear train, said indicator being rotatable in setting the device, whereby the pointers are 14. A device including a rotary indicator,`

turned withv respect to each other and in predetermined relation to the scale means.

18. A device including an altitude indica' tor scale means therefor, the indicator and scale means being relatively rotatable, a spindle rotated back and forth by the indicator according to variations in altitude, a pinion on said spindle, a second spindle concentric .with the first spindle ,for slow rotation in synchronism therewith, a pointer and a gear on the 'second spindle, pinion and gear means interconnectlng the first mentioned pinion and gear, and mounting means supporting the pinion' ""and gear means, said mounting and indicator being relatively angularl movable. A

19. A device includingvan altitude indicator, scale means therefor, saidsscale means being relativelyl stationary, and said indicator rotatable relative thereto for an initial setting to a position to be maintained staf tionary durin indicating action, a spindle rotated to an fro b the indicator accordin to changes in a titude and having an ot erwise permanent fixed relation to the indicator, a pinion on said s indle, a second spindle concentric with the rst spindle for slow rotation in synchronism therewith, a pointeramda gear on the-secondspindle, .A pinion and gear means interconnecting the first mentioned pinion and gear, and relatively stationary mounting means supporting the pinion and gear means.

2'). A device including an indicator which is rotatable for setting, concentric spindles one of which is rotated by the indicator in setting and turned thereby for normal indieating action, drive means interconnecting the spindles to cause the other spindle to move in synchronism with the first mentioned spindle both in setting and in normal indicating action, and indicating means for the spindles.

21. A device including an indicator which is rotatable for setting, a spindle turned thereby for indicating, a pointer on the spindle, a stationary scale for the pointer, 'a second pointer, a 'second spindletherefor, a stationary scale therefor graduated for larger values thanthe first scale, means independent of the indicator for mounting the 'second spindle, and means interconnecting the spindies for rotation in synchronism with respect to the scales during setting andv duringvthe normal indicating operation of the device.

22. A device including an indicator which is rotatable for setting, concentric spindles one of which is rotated by the indicator in setting and turned thereby for normal indicating action, drive means interconnecting the spindles to'cause the other spindle to move in synchronism with the first mentioned spindle both in setting and in normal indicating action, pointer means for the spindles, a scale means for the pointer means, reference means, and actuating means separate of the drive means for rotatin .the reference means together with .the indicator in setting the device.

23. A device including an indicator rotatable for setting, a spindle moving with the indicator in setting and turned by the same with respect thereto for normal indicating action, a second spindle, pointers for the spindles, scale and reference means, and actuating means associated with the indicator, the pointers, and the reference means to cause them to move as a unit with respect to the scale means in setting the device, said actuating means being normally stationary during indicating action and having a portion to cause the first spindle to rotate the second spindle in synchronism at a different rate and in predetermined relation to the scale means for the indicating action.

2l. In an altimeter, the combination of an indicator, a dial for the indicator, the latter and the dial being relatively rotatable for setting the device, a pointer turned by the indicator in response to variations in altitude, a second pointer, and means interconnecting the pointers so that the second pointer moves at av different rate than the first pointer, the dial having scales for the respective pointers calibrated according to the movements thereof, said means including a member co-ordinated with the indicator for relative angular movement therebetween of the axis of the member and the axis of the indicator when the indicator and dial are relatively rotated, whereby the pointers are caused to maintain an accurate relation to the scales in setting the device.

25. A device includingr an indicator, a plurality of scales calibrated 'for different values, pointers for the respective scales, the indicator including means for moving the pointers With respect to4 each other, reference mark means, said indicato-r, reference mark means, and scales being normally relatively stationary, drive means to rotate as a unit the indicator, the reference mark means and the pointers with respect to the scales for setting the device, and other meansv co-operating with the indicator means to cause the pointers to move with respect to each other according to the scales, as a result of the 'setting action, with the indicator action being independent of' the setting action of said drive means.

26. A device including a rotary indicator, a dial spced'therefrom, pointer means for the dial operated by the indicator, a reference means, a plurality of concentric drive elements of relatively large diameter, one of said elements being connected to the indicator for rotating the same and the other being positioned between the indicator and dial for moving the reference means, and a single actuating means for turning both elements in ynchronism and in predetermined different speed relation.

27. A device including a rotary indicator, a dial spaced therefrom, pointer means for the dial operated by the indicator, a reference means, a plurality of concentric drive elements of relatively large diameter, one of said elements being connected to the indicator for rotating the same and the other being positioned between the indicator and dial for moving the reference means,and a single actuating means for turning both elements in synchronism and in predetermined speed relation, said actuating means including a spindle having a member for turning the element connected to the indicator, and a speed reduction drive for the reference means element actuated yby the spindle to cause the reference means to move at a lower speed than the indicator.

28. A device including an indicator rotatable for setting a dial, a spindle'operated by the indicator, a second spindle concentric with the first spindle, stationary means for mounting the second spindle, a speed reduction drive interconnectin-"f the spindles for rot t'ng the second-,spinale at a lower speed than the first spindle, pointers for the spindles, a reference means, and a concentric member of relatively large diameter for moving the reference means, said member having a central opening receiving the said speed reduction drive, and means for turning the indicator and the member at different speeds with respect to eachother for setting the device with the reference means moving at the speed ofthe second spindle.

29. A device'including an, altitude indicator, pointers thereforfhaving different degrees of movement relatively to each Vother in setting the device and in normal indicating4 action, afplurality of scales for the respective pointers, the indicator and one of the scales being relatively rotatable in setting the device, reference means rotatable according to a desired positional relationship of the pointers and the scales, and actuating means to cause the relative positionalrelation of one pointer with its individual scale to move angularlyv to the relativeposi'tional relation of the other pointer vWithits scale, said actuto its scale in setting and in normal indicating j indicator, and a reference means, connectingmeans for causing the pointerto move rela- `tive to the indicator for normal indication and for setting, actuating means independ- -ent of the connecting means to move the reference means relative to the indicator and in synchronism to the pointer thereof, and

other means to cause the connecting and actuatin means to move as a unit;

32. n altimeter including lan indicator, ya Vluralit 'of scales of dilerent values, in-

sividua pointer elements for the scales,'ref erence means, said ointer elements being movable by the'indicator relatively to the reference means and in synchronized rela- 2 tion to their scales, and means for causing a relative setting movement between the scales. and the pointer elements for setting' the altimeter with the` reference means caused to move Arelatively to each other by the setting means and the ypointer-elements adapted to have different relations to their res ective scales and reference means for di erent indications of the altimeter."

33. A device including an indicator, a plurality of scales of different values, pointer elements for the res ctive scales movable by the indicator indi erent degrees according to the scales, the indicator and the scales being relatively movable to each other, and a unitary means for causing a relative movement between the pointer elements, and the scales in different degrees according to the respective scales, in setting the device.

34. An altimeter including an indicator, a plurality of scales, pointer elements for the respective scales, one of the pointer elements being moved by the indicator in -normal ,indicating action, and means for causingV a simultaneous relative movement between the pointer elements and their respective scales, including means for moving one of the scales, whereby the altimeter is set. Y

35. A device incl 1ding an indicator, a plurality of scales, individual pointers for the scales, drive means Vfor interconnecting the pointers and indicator to cause an indicating movement in different degrees by the indic ator of the pointers according to their scales, and actuator means to cause a relative movement between the pointers and scales for setting the device, said actuator means being functionally independent of the drive means so that the indicating and setting actions can occur simultaneously. 6 36. An altimeter including an indicator, a

plurality of scales, pointer elements for the scales, reference means for the respective scales, and means for causing a relative movement between 'the pointer elements, and the scales, with the reference means movlng 1n c'-oramaon with the paiief am@ means including drivemeans for interconnecting the in ters` and indicator' to l move the pointers m dlerent degrees for indicating, and other means to cause a relative set- 1 ad? its scale diierent in degree from that for the other pointer element and its scale.

31. A device including an indicator, a pluralityof pointers, scales for the respective pointers, reference means, andv vmeans for causing a relative movement in different degrees between the pointers` and their correspon in scales and reference means, said scales being so coordinated with the pointers as to produce readings that increase or decrease in the same directions for one pointer am its scale as for the other pointer and its sca e.

38. An altimeter including an indicator, a plurality of pointer elements movable relatively to each other, scales for the respective pointer elements movable relativelyto each other, said scales havin indicia increasing lin opposite directions, an means to cause a relative movement between the pointer elements and scales, said means causing a relative rate movement between one pointer element of movement between one pointer element and its scale diifercnt from the relative rate of movement of the other pointer element and its scale.

39. An altimeter, including an indicator, a plurality of pointer elements movable in different de ees thereby, individual reference means or the pointer elements, actuator members for the reference means, and a single means in permanent connection with said actuator members for causing a setting movement of both reference means in different degrecs and retaining the reference means in set position during);k the movement of the pointer elements by the indicator.

40. A device including an indicator, a plurality of ointer elements, reference means for'the pointer elements, means-interconnecting the pointer elements and indicator to cause a movement in dilerent degrees of the pointer elements, and means operative independently o f the first means for causing a simultaneous setting of both reference means and a relative movement between the indicator and one of the reference means. In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

- PAUL KOLLSMAN. 

